可互换的抽象名词系词句与抽象名词存在句——以汉日对比为例

Interchangeable abstract noun copular sentences and abstract noun existential sentences——A comparison between Chinese and Japanese

矢澤(2015)指出日语抽象名词系词句可以变换成抽象名词存在句,本文观察发现汉语里也有类似的现象,但并不是所有抽象名词系词句都可以变换成抽象名词存在句。此次考察主要从主语抽象名词NP1、谓语部分NP2的性质对比分析汉日可互换的抽象名词系词句与抽象名词存在句的语义语法限制,结果显示汉日情形较为相似,主语抽象名词NP1须具有有价性,语义上具有[+内容义][-寄生主体必须为人]特征倾向,在与数量词同现方面可以接受个体量词的修饰。而谓语部分的NP2须是对主语抽象名词NP1[+内容义]的具体阐述。本文认为这些限制的出现主要与抽象名词的隐喻空间性强弱有关。二者可互换也说明了存在表达与判断表达之间的连续性。

Yazawa(2015)points out that Japanese abstract noun copular sentences can be transformed into abstract noun abstract existential sentences,and we found that there is a similar phenomenon in Chinese.However,not all abstract noun copular sentences can be transformed into abstract noun existential sentences.The present paper analyzes the semantic and syntactic conditions of subject NP1 and predicate NP2.The results show that Chinese and Japanese are similar in this respect.The subject NP1 needs to be a monovalent noun or a divalent noun,showing the semantic feature of[+content],and also accepting individual quantifier modification.The predicate NP2 needs to be an exposition of the[+content]that NP1 has.This restriction is mainly due to the spatial metaphor of nouns.And the fact that abstract noun copular sentence and abstract noun abstract existential sentence are interchangeable demonstrates the continuity between existential and judgmental expression.