扩招前后高校教师工资变动:1995-2015年

Universities Teachers’ Wage Changes before and after the Higher Education Expansion: 1995-2015

基于1995-2015年的全国层面的统计数据和分省面板数据,本文以1999年高校扩招政策的实施为时间节点,对高校招生规模和教师队伍规模的变化及其与教师相对工资之间的关系进行了深入探讨,研究发现:扩招前后,高校招生规模大致经历平稳增长(1995-1998)、剧烈震荡(1999-2004)和小幅波动(2005-2015)三个阶段;教师工资的绝对水平一直处于增长期,但其相对工资先升后降,且与金融、IT等行业之间的差距在逐渐扩大;高校教师相对工资的变化在扩招后存在拐点(2002年),扩招后教师相对工资呈现下降趋势主要是由于教师规模的过度扩张。据此,本文认为,高校应该继续深化收入分配制度改革和完善人事制度改革,通过提高教师相对工资水平吸引更多优秀人才进入高校教师队伍,在有效控制教师规模的基础上通过人才分类管理来提高专任教师占比。

Based on the national level statistics and provincial panel data from 1995 to 2015,this paper takes the implementation of the higher education expansion policy in 1999 as a time node,and makes a thorough discussion on the relationship between the enrollment scale,the size of teachers and the relative salary of teachers.It is found that before and after the expansion,the enrollment scale has undergone three stages:steady growth(1995-1998),severe shock(1999-2004)and small fluctuation(2005-2015).The absolute level of teachers’salary has been in steady growth,but its relative salary rises first and then decreases,and the gap with finance,IT and other industries is gradually widening.The change of teachers’relative salary has a turning point after the expansion(2002),and the reason for the decline of teachers’relative salary is mainly due to the excessive expansion of teachers’scale.Therefore,this paper believes that universities should continue to deepen the reform of distribution system and personnel system,attract more excellent talents into the ranks of teachers by improving the relative salary level of teachers,and improve the full-time teachers’proportion through talent classification management on the basis of effective control of the scale of teachers.