訚訚与侃侃:儒家经典解释中的事上和接下之礼

Yinyin and Kankan: Ritual between the Superior and Lower Level in the Confucius Classical Interpretation

以《说文解字》、《论语集解》、《朱子语类》、《癸巳论语解》和《论语注疏》等为代表的经典解释,考证《论语·乡党》和《论语·先进》等篇中儒家各种事上和接下之礼。从形于外看,何晏等主张事上当以"中正"之貌、接下当以"和乐"之貌;而朱熹等却主张事上当以"和说而诤"之貌,接下当以"刚直"之貌。无论事上还是接下,从诚于内看,张栻、侯仲良等主张"主敬一"也;皇侃、邢昺等主张君子当各极其性也。因此,儒者事上与接下既是由内而外、自然流露的过程,也是"慎其独"、"诚其意",而见于"形"的过程。由"形"至"行",君子当省于内,诚于心,知行合一。

There is textual research about ritual between the superior and lower level in Xiangdang of the Analects of Confucius and Xianjin Analects of Confucius from classic explanations of He Yan's Interpretation on Analects of Confucius and Zhu Xi's Zhuzi Yulei. On the external manner,He Yan advocated that the gentlemen should show the superior‘Zhongzheng'appearance,and should show the lower level‘hele'appearance. But Zhu Xi has argued that the gentlemen should show the superior‘he yue er zheng'appearance,and should show the lower level‘gang zhi'appearance. On the inner activities,Zhang Shi and Hou Zhongliang claimed that the gentlemen had the respect in the heart. Huang Kan and Xing Bing advocates the gentleman should come very naturally. Therefore,the gentlemen should be internal and external consistency. Mind and action of the gentlemen should go hand in hand.