2011年以来电磁成形研究进展

Research Progress of Electromagnetic Forming Technique Since 2011

电磁脉冲成形是一种利用洛伦兹力驱动金属材料发生高速变形的先进制造技术,它诞生于20世纪60年代,潜力巨大却一直被低估。为此系统介绍了电磁成形理论研究、仿真模拟、装备设计、工艺应用这4个方面近年来的最新研究成果,特别是自2011年以来,在脉冲强磁场技术的强力背书下,电磁成形所迎来的新发展、新突破。上述发展和突破主要表现在:电源能量极大提高,成形能力因而极大提升;驱动线圈从单线圈发展为多线圈,且组合形式不断丰富,拓展了电磁成形技术的应用场景;放电控制精度达到微秒级,确保了多线圈组合放电时的时序配合;并提出和实现了多时空磁场位形控制技术,完美契合并利用了洛伦兹力大小和方向灵活可控的特点,为电磁成形的工艺过程设计带来了丰富的灵感和新颖的变化。在这些新成就的基础上,对现阶段电磁成形技术进行了总结,并对未来技术的发展方向进行了展望。

Electromagnetic forming is an advanced manufacturing technologyin which the Lorentz force is adopted to drive metal materials to undergo high-speed deformation.It was born in the 1960 s and has a great potentialto be underestimated.We systematically introduce the latest research results in electromagnetic forming theoretical research,simulations,equipment design,and process application,especially new developments and breakthroughs of electromagnetic forming under the strong endorsement of pulsed magnetic field technology since 2011,in the following aspects.The forming ability is greatly improved on account of tremendous improvement of power supply energy;the single driving coil has developed to multiple coils,and the combination form is constantly enriched,which expands the application scenario of electromagnetic forming technology;discharge control accuracy reaches microseconds level,which ensures the timing cooperation of multi-coil combined discharge;the time-space configuration of magnetic field control technology was proposed and implemented which perfectly combines and exploits the characteristics of Lorentz force in magnitude controllability and directional flexibility,and brings abundant inspiration and novel change to the process design of electromagnetic forming.Based on these new achievements,the current electromagnetic forming technology is summarized and the future development direction of the technology is proposed.