高压直流断路器关键技术研究

Research on Key Technologies of High Voltage DC Circuit Breaker

直流电网在高压柔性输电、新能源接入、轨道牵引以及未来城市配网方面有着广泛的应用前景。直流断路器作为重要的控制和保护设备,是直流电网可靠、安全供电的重要保证。与交流开断相比,直流开断的要求更高,直流断路器技术尚不成熟。尽管近年来国内外研究人员围绕高压直流断路器做了大量的研究,仍有部分关键技术有待攻克。该文分析了直流电网对高压直流断路器的技术要求,分别从拓扑方案优化、高比能ZnO、隔离供能、快速机械开关、电磁兼容设计、等效试验、快速故障检测、配置方案等方面对高压直流断路器相关关键技术的主要进展进行了梳理,并对尚待攻克的关键技术进行归纳。从满足工程应用的角度看,进一步优化拓扑结构、解决隔离变压器的绝缘和效率之间的矛盾、提高快速机械开关操作寿命、建立直流断路器试验标准等将是研究的重点。

DC grid has potential application in VSC-based high voltage power transmission,new energy intergration,rail transportation,and future city power distribution fields.DC circuit breaker is essential for reliable and safety operation of DC grid.Compared with AC interruption,DC interruption is difficult,and some relative technologies are not available.Consequently,we analyzed the technical requirements on DC circuit breaker,and reviewed the development in high voltage DC circuit breaker research from the aspects of topology,high energy absorbing capacity ZnO,isolated power supply,fast mechanical actuator,EMC design,equivelant test,fast fault detection,and allocation.For the purpose of utility in real DC grid,researchers should focus on the following problems:optimization in topology,coordination between the insulation and efficiency of isolation transformer,increasing in operation circle of fast mechanical actuator,and test standards in high voltage DC circuit breaker.