热等离子体处理危险废物近零排放技术

Near-Zero-Emission Technology for Hazardous Wastes Disposal by Thermal Plasma

固体废物污染(尤其是危险废物)是全球特别是我国当前面临的最为突出的环境问题之一,热等离子体处理技术可为这些废物的合理处置提供高效安全的解决方法。文中简要介绍了等离子体炬和等离子体工艺技术的分类、异同点以及现状,在此基础上,就热等离子体在医疗垃圾、电镀污泥、废石棉、废旧武器弹药、含氯废物、垃圾焚烧飞灰、电子废物和中低放射性固体废物等领域的研究展开了综述,包括典型工艺、机制原理及相关研究现状。最后,总结了热等离子体处理危险废物无害化、资源化的近零排放潜力,分析了存在的问题和可能的发展方向。可以预见热等离子体技术将是危险废物行业一个重要的发展趋势。

Pollution of solid wastes(especially for hazardous wastes)is a serious environmental problem in the world,especially in China,however,thermal plasma technology can be adopted for efficient and safe solution to properly dispose municipal solid waste and toxic or hazardous solid wastes.We introduced the brief classification and status quo of plasma torch and relative plasma process technologies.Moreover,we reviewed the studies on the application of thermal plasma in the fields of medical wastes,electroplating sludge,asbestos-containing wastes,military wastes,chloro-containing wastes,incineration fly ash,electronic wastes,and intermediate–level radioactive wastes,including typical process,mechanisms and relative studies.Finally,we summarized the near-zero-emission potential of plasma technology in the aspects of treating hazardous wastes,harmlessness,and resource utilization,and analyzed the existing problems and possible development directions.It is foreseeable that plasma technology will be an important development trend in the hazardous waste industry.