燃料电池阴极催化剂的研究进展

Research progress on cathode electrocatalyst for fuel cells

氧气在传统碳载铂电催化剂表面发生电化学还原反应时存在较高过电位 ,高达 3 0 0～ 40 0mV ,在很大程度上降低了电池性能。因此研制新型阴极催化剂以提高催化活性、降低氧阴极过电位成为研究热点。对燃料电池阴极催化剂研究的发展现状做了详细介绍 ,其中主要包括催化剂的制备、活性与寿命 ,同时对有关新型催化剂催化活性提高的各种解释做了归纳和分析 ,主要包括最小原子间距理论、雷尼效应和表面电子结构理论。

The overpotential produced during the electrochemical reduction of O 2 on the surface of traditional Pt electrocatalyst is as high as 300-400 mV, so the performance of fuel cell is decreased. Therefore, the research on novel cathode electrocatalyst in order to improve catalytic activity and decrease overpotential of O 2 cathode is becoming the focus. The state of art of development and research on cathode electrocatalysts, including the preparation, activity and life, are introduced in detail. The mechanisms related on improving the activity of novel electrocatalysts, such as the minimum interatomic spacing theory, the Raney effect and the surface electronic structure theory, are also concluded and analyzed.