PPP模式下的土地一级开发项目应用研究

Applied Research on land First-level Development Project Based on the PPP Mode

土地一级开发需要大量资金,目前我国土地储备融资主要有政府财政拨款、银行贷款以及土地出让金留存等三种方式。政府拨款无成本无风险,但政府财政财力有限,所划拨资金在资金量上不能满足土地一级开发的资金需求,难以维持土地储备机构运转,资金压力大。银行贷款数额巨大,土地储备机构以债务人的身份向银行借款,需要按期还款付息,资金成本高。土地出让金仅有小部分可注入储备资金用来开发新的土地储备项目,资金有限,并且只能在后续开发中提供资金支持,存在滞后性问题,在土地储备融资过程中不能作为主要融资模式。针对上述问题,结合PPP模式在公共事业等方面的成功应用及其自身传统管理方法无可比拟的优势,以PPP模式为出发点,对土地一级开发做出新的思考,讨论将PPP模式运用到土地一级开发项目中来,探索PPP模式在土地一级开发项目中的运作模式。

The land first-level development requires large amounts of money,there are three land first-level development financing methods in our country.They are the government funds, bank loans and the land premium retained.Neither cost nor risk in the government funding,the capability of government financial and financial strength is limited,the allocation of funds in the amount can not meet the funding needs of the land first-level development.It is difficult to maintain the operation of the land reserve institutions,and the financial pressure is heavy.There is huge number of bank loans and land reserve agency to borrow from bank as the identity of a debtor,that need to repay the debt on schedule,the cost of capital is high. Only a small part of land premium can be injected into the reserve funds used to develop the new land first-level development projects.Funds are limited, and financial support can only be provided in the subsequent development.It is a lag problem,so the land premium can not be used as the main mode of financing in the land first-level development financing process.In view of the above questions,it is combined with the unparalleled advantage of the PPP mode which are the successful application of public utilities and other as well as its own traditional management methods.In the beginning,the PPP model to make a new way of thinking on the land first-level development,we put the PPP model into the land reserve