美国不动产登记制度研究与借鉴

Implications of American Real Estate Registration System

研究目的:通过研究当代美国的不动产登记制度,试图为中国不动产统一登记制度的改革提供借鉴。研究方法:文献调研法、比较分析法。研究结果:美国沿用了英国的部分法律,并结合本国特点加以完善,形成了产权明晰、划分科学的地产权分类体系。美国主要采用契据登记制对所有人的权利和义务进行保护,并建立了公共图书馆型的不动产统一登记体制。中国不动产登记制度历经了四个发展阶段,现正在逐步从多头登记转为统一登记,而当下过渡期尚存在诸多阻力。研究结论:在中国不动产统一登记制度改革过程中,美国的经验给予我们三点启示,一是完善以土地登记为核心的登记体制,二是建立覆盖全国的统一不动产登记信息平台,三是适度淡化产权交易与登记的行政色彩。讨论:美国的产权保险制度、契据公证制度等有待进一步研究与借鉴。

This paper attempts to provide a reference for the reform of Chinese real estate unified registration system,through the study of contemporary American real estate registration system.Research methods of this study include literature research and comparative analysis.The study found that the United States used part of the British law.However,combined with its own characteristics,the United States perfected the British law,then formed a clear system of property rights and a scientific classification system of land estate.Today,the United States mainly use deed registration system,to protect the rights and obligations of owners.In addition,the United States has also established a unified registration system of real estate in public library type.The study also found that Chinese real estate registration system has experienced four stages of development,and now is being gradually converted from multisectoral registration to uniform registration.However,there are still a lot of resistance in the present transitional period of registration reform.American experience give three inspirations to Chinese reform of registration system.(1)The land registration as the core of real estate registration.(2)Developing a information platform of real estate registration,which covers the whole country.(3)Government reduce the excessive management in property transactions and property registration. Finally,American property insurance system and deed notary system need further study and reference.