聚醚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的结构与阻尼性能关系

Relationship of Structure and Damping Property in Poly( Ether-Ester) Polyurethane Elastomer

以丙氧基新戊二醇(PONPG)与二元酸缩聚反应合成了聚丁二酸丙氧基新戊二醇酯(PNPS)和聚己二酸丙氧基新戊二醇酯(PNPA),再与2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI-100)和3,3’-二氯-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷(MOCA)制备聚醚酯型聚氨酯(PU)弹性体。用傅里叶变换红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱和核磁共振对聚醚酯二醇结构及相对分子质量进行了测试,用原子力显微镜表征了PU弹性体的微观结构、DMA表征了聚醚酯二醇种类及相对分子质量对PU弹性体阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,随着聚醚酯二醇相对分子质量增加,PU弹性体的损耗因子最大值(tanδmax)增加,阻尼温域明显地向低温方向移动。PU的AFM谱图的相畴随聚醚酯二醇相对分子质量的增加而增大,三维立体图呈现出高低不平的丛林状形貌。对相同相对分子质量聚醚酯二醇,由PNPA反应制备的PU弹性体,其tanδmax较低,且更偏向于低温区域。

Poly( ether-ester) polyurethane( PU) elastomer were prepared with 2,4-tolulene diisocyanate( TDI-100),3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane( MOCA) and poly( neopentyl glycol propoxylated succinic acid)( PNPS) or poly( neopentyl glycol propoxylated adipic acid)( PNPA),which were synthesized from neopentyl glycol propoxylated( PONPG) and succinic acid( SA) or adipic acid( AA) through condensation polymerization. The structures and molecular weights of poly( ether-ester) glycols were characterized by FT-IR,GPC and 1H-NMR. The macrostructure of PU elastomer were characterized by AFM. The effects of type and molecular weight of poly( ether-ester) glycols on damping property of PU elastomer were investigated. The results indicate that the maximum loss factor( tanδmax)of PU is improved gradually and the glass transition temperature moves to lower region significantly with increase of poly( ether-ester) glycols molecular weight. Simultaneously,AFM phase domains of PU increase and three-dimensional figures show a rugged jungle-like morphology. Furthermore,with the same molecular weight,PU prepared from PNPA has the smaller tanδmax and the lower damping region. The damping property of PU elastomer agrees well with the phase separation structures.