摘要
聚合物"松弛"在高分子物理课程中是个重要的概念之一。文中从"松弛"的基本定义出发,对松弛的3个基本要素,即外界刺激、体系响应以及响应和刺激间的滞后进行了串讲和解读。刺激具有普遍意义且形式多样,体系的响应方式和外界刺激的形式之间是"多"对"多"函数关系。也就是说,一种形式的刺激引起多种形式的响应,不同形式的刺激可以引起相同形式的响应。滞后有2种基本形式。在恒定量的刺激情况下,体系的状态函数呈现随时间衰减;在交变刺激的情况下,体系的响应也是同频率交变的,但滞后一个相位。聚合物"松弛"的主要特点在于:一方面,高分子具有多层次结构和多重运动单元;另一方面,聚合物"松弛"贯穿于所有状态及过程,聚合物"松弛"量一般比较大,松弛时间相对较长,所以"松弛"特征显著。
Relaxation is important concept in the course of polymer physics and knowledge of polymer relaxation is related closely. From basic definition of relaxation,three interrelated elements,namely stimulation,response and lag were discussed in detail. Stimulation is variable and universal. The relation between stimulation way and response way is multi to multi function. One kind of stimulation may cause different kinds of response and the same kind of response may be caused by different kinds of stimulation. There are two basic ways to describe lag in mathematics. The state function is decayed with time under the constant quantity of stimulation. Response from the system is alternate with the same frequency under alternative stimulation. The response lags stimulation with phase. Characteristics of relaxation of polymer mainly include two aspects. In one hand,the structure of polymer is multi-level; in another hand,the relaxation of polymer appears significantly because it is longer and larger.
出处
《高分子材料科学与工程》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第6期187-190,共4页
Polymer Materials Science & Engineering
基金
安徽高等学校省级自然科学研究项目(KJ2012Z052)
关键词
松弛
刺激
响应
滞后
relaxation
stimulation
response
lag
