水相体系中阳离子聚合的研究进展

Progress in Research of Cationic Polymerization in Aqueous Media

传统阳离子聚合只能在低温、无水、无氧和高纯惰性气体保护下进行,归因于共引发剂Lewis酸对水高度敏感,即使少量水存在也能令其失效。由于"绿色化学"概念的提出,水作为一种环境友好的绿色溶剂也一直受到工业界的青睐。近十几年来,随着耐水性引发体系的发展,使得水相体系中进行阳离子聚合成为了可能,改变了传统阳离子聚合的观念,这种新方法也备受人们的关注。本文首先介绍了水相阳离子聚合的机理,重点阐述了不同单体的水相阳离子聚合及其匹配的耐水性引发体系的研究和发展,并指出不同引发体系的优势与不足,最后总结了水相阳离子聚合中存在的问题,展望了水相阳离子聚合的研究方向和发展前景。

Conventional cationic polymerization proceeds only under the strict conditions of low temperature,anhydrous,anaerobic and the protection of high purity inert gas.It is ascribed to the high sensitivity to traces of water of commonly used Lewis acids,and even the presence of a small amount of water can make them invalid.Owing to the concept of'green chemistry'being put forward,water as an environmentally friendly green solvent has been highly appreciated by the industry.In recent years,with the development of water-tolerant initiating systems,cationic polymerization in aqueous media has emerged.It has changed the traditional concept of cationic polymerization,and this new polymerization technique has attracted much attention.This article first introduces the mechanism of cationic polymerization in aqueous media,then emphatically reviews the current research and evolution of cationic polymerization and their matching water-tolerant initiating systems of different monomers in aqueous media,simultaneously points out the advantages and disadvantages of various initiating systems.Finally,the problems existing in cationic polymerization in aqueous media are summed up,in the meantime the research orientations and development outlook are prospected.