农户认知、农地确权与农地制度变迁——基于中国5省758农户调查的实证分析

Farmers' Cognition,Rural Land Registration and Rural Land Institutional Change——An Empirical Study Based on 758 Farmers Survey of 5 Chinese Provinces

本文分析了农户认知对农户参与确权行为及农地制度变迁的作用机制,并应用5省农地调查数据进行实证检验。研究表明:(1)农地确权中的农户认知可具体显化为农户对农地政策的理解、对确权作用的预期以及对参与确权难易的评价等,三者共同决定了农户确权意愿,进而影响其参与确权的行为以及农地制度变迁。(2)农户对确权作用的预期以及对参与确权难易的评价直接影响农户确权意愿;对农地政策理解的影响则包括直接效应和间接效应,后者又通过对农户确权作用的预期间接影响确权意愿。(3)农户意愿越强,实际参与确权各环节的数量就越多;并且农户对确权作用预期对制度变迁影响最大,其次是对农地政策的理解,最后是对参与确权难易评价。因此,应深入了解农民确权认知结构,有针对性地提高农民认知水平;加强宣传和教育,提高农户对政策的理解以及对确权作用的预期;进行民意调查,重视农户对参与确权难易的评价,保证确权公平并降低农民参与确权的成本。

Cognition is the key to understand institutional change. The objective of this paper is to manifest and quantify individual cognition in the real world,and analyze the mechanism of farmers’ cognition on behavior of land registration and institutional change. This paper applies the theory of planned behavior to analyze the mechanism of farmers’ cognition on behavior of land registration and institutional change by constructing a structural equation modeling and testing empirically with five provinces’ rural land survey data. It shows that:(1)Farmers’ cognition on rural land registration can be manifested into three parts,including understanding ofrural land policies,expectation of rural land registration,and evaluation of the difficulty in participating. All these three jointly determine the willingness of rural land registration,and then affect farmers’ behavior and institutional change;(2)The willingness is directly affected by expectation and evaluation. The willingness of the understanding about rural land policies can influence behaviors directly and indirectly,and the latter is through the expectation;(3)The willingness to rural land registration affects behavior of farmers. The stronger willingness the farmers have,the more they actually participate in land registration. What’s more,the influence of cognitions on institutional change is various,which means expectation shows the greatest influence,followed by understanding and evaluation. Therefore,we should understand the structure of farmers’ cognition more deeply,and raise the cognition level pertinently;Strengthen publicity and education to improve understanding of rural land policies and expectation of rural land registration;Conduct polls to ensure the fairness of land registration and reduce the time and cost of farmers’ participation.