草根NGO如何成为政策企业家?——垃圾治理场域中的历时观察

How Do Grassroots NGOs Become the Policy Entrepreneurs?——Diachronic Research in the Waste Management Field

"政策企业家"是解释政策变迁的重要概念,但已有成果却缺乏对草根NGO在中国语境下扮演该角色的关注。本研究将观察视角从截面性的"政策-事件"转向历时性的"组织-角色",通过对垃圾议题社会组织十余年政策倡导历程的梳理,发现:随着制度环境持续改善,其倡导的组织形态呈现"原子式-联盟式-链条式"发展,行动策略经历了"借力式-宏观式-下沉式"变迁,倡导绩效则由象征性向实质性转化,已具备政策企业家的基本特征。在此基础上,依托个案拓展法凝练出六个理论命题,用以解读草根NGO成为政策企业家的基本逻辑。本研究不仅能为草根NGO的政策倡导实践和公共政策体系完善提供经验,同时有助于深化对"国家-社会关系"这一复杂课题的理解。

The objective of this paper is to understand the policy advocacy practice of grassroots NGOs in the context of China’s political society,adopting the'extended case method'based on the theory of'policy entrepreneur'.This paper found that:With the constant improvement of institutional environment,the form of organization of garbage issue advocated by NGO presents'atomic-type,alliance-type and chain-type'development,action strategy has undergone'leveraging-type,macro-type and sinking-type'change,and advocacy performance has been shifted from'Symbolic influence'to'Material influence'.It has had basic features of policy entrepreneur.Though the research,six proposition put forward by the research are able to provide experience reference for grassroots NGOs in policy advocacy action and perfection of public policy system.From the perspective of'policy-event'to'organization-role',this paper breaks away from the traditional'cross-section fragment'study and realizes the'diachronic-textual'narration,based on which it makes a localized adjustment to the theoretical framework of'policy entrepreneur'.