“项目制”悖论抑或治理问题——农村公共服务项目制供给与可持续发展

Governance Issues or Paradox of "Project System"——Project System Providing of Rural Public Services and Sustainable Development

项目制供给需要考虑公共产品自身的属性特点,当软公共服务也开始用项目制的形式供给时,其可持续发展开始成为一个"真问题"。本文通过对鄂北G市一个"三留守"关爱服务项目的深度观察发现,政府主导下的项目化并未修复前一阶段公益服务项目形成的自组织生态,村民反而从全面参与项目过程变为被动地服从于项目安排,其身份角色从服务的享受者和供给者(志愿服务者)转变成适应项目"包装"需要的"表演者"。当政绩目标达成后,因无法创造"增量政绩"而不受政府重视,潜藏的可持续发展问题随即暴露,进而使项目走向衰亡。因此,供给断层仅是表征性难题,治理失效才是公共服务可持续发展的深层次危机。项目制并非天生"短命",关键在于如何实现与基层社会治理的结构性融合。

The project system needs to consider the attribute characteristics of the public goods.Sustainable development starts to be a real question when the soft public services were supplied in the form of project system.Through the deep observation to a'three-leftover'care service project in G City of Hubei,it is found that the project under the leadership of the government has not repaired the self-organizing ecology formed by the previous stage of public service projects.Within the project,the roles of villagers have changed from full participation to passive obedience,from both provider and recipient to the'performers'needed to adapt to the'packaging'of the project.When the Government achieved their political goals then left the project alone,because of its low'marginal achievements',the hidden question of sustainable development were exposed and led to the decline of the all project.Therefore,the supply fault is just a superficial question,while the failure of governance is the deep crisis of the sustainable development.The project system is not born with'short-lived',the key lies in how to achieve structural integration with social grass-roots governance.