黄土高原区涌泉根灌枣树作物系数与耗水规律研究

Crop Coefficient and Water Consumption Rule of Jujube Trees in Bubbled-root Irrigation of Loess Plateau Region

【目的】探明涌泉根灌条件下黄土高原区山地枣树的需耗水规律。【方法】于2014年在陕北米脂试验站进行了非充分灌溉试验,实测了涌泉根灌条件下枣树生育期内各阶段耗水量。【结果】ET0在枣树整个生育期内的变化趋势为先增大后减小,峰值相对靠前,ET0与平均气温、日照时间、日最高温度呈极显著的正相关关系,高温变化对枣树生长的潜在影响较大。枣树生育期内,各处理枣树4个生育期(萌芽展叶期、开花坐果期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期)的耗水量分别为58.66、155.61、106.01、48.10 mm,不同处理间枣树耗水量总的趋势是灌水量越多对应消耗的水量也越多,耗水量随灌溉定额的增大而增大。【结论】作物系数在整个生育期为先增大后减小,各处理枣树4个生育期(萌芽展叶期、开花坐果期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期)的作物系数均值分别为0.42、0.93、0.75、0.89,且作物系数值随灌水定额的增大和灌水次数的增多而增大。作物系数与叶面积指数存在显著的二次曲线关系。

【Objective】Ascertain the water consumption law of jujube trees on the Loess Plateau under the condition of Bubbled-root irrigation.【Method】The non-full irrigation experiment was conducted at the Mizhi Experimental Station in Northern Shaanxi in 2014. The water consumption at each stage of the jujube tree under the condition of bubbled-root irrigation was obtained through actual measurement.【Result】The results showed that the change trend of ET0 in the whole growth period of jujube tree was firstly increased and then decreased, and the peak value was relatively high. The ET0 was mainly positively correlated with the average temperature, sunshine hours, and the maximum daily temperature. The potential impact on jujube growth was greater.During the growth period of jujube trees, the water consumption of the four growth stages of the jujube tree (sprouting leaf stage, flowering fruit setting stage, fruit enlargement stage, and fruit ripening stage) were 58.66 mm, 155.61 mm, 106.01 mm, and 48.1 mm, respectively. The general trend of the water consumption of the jujube tree between treatments was that the more the amount of irrigation, the more the amount of water consumed, and the amount of water consumption increased with the increase of the irrigation quota. The crop coefficient first increased and then decreased during the whole growth period.【Conclusion】The mean values of the crop coefficients of the four growth stages of the jujube (bud emergence and leaf stage, flowering fruit setting stage, fruit expansion stage, and fruit ripening stage) were 0.42, 0.93, 0.75, and 0.89, and the crop coefficient value increased with the increase of irrigation quota and the increase of irrigation times. There was a significant quadratic curve relationship between the crop coefficient and leaf area index.