黄河河龙区间泥沙量的时空分布特性

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Character of Sediment Content in the He-Long Reach of the Yellow River

取水防沙是合理利用黄河水资源的重点,黄河水沙情态随着人为和自然因素不断变化。【目的】分析近年来黄河河龙区间水沙变化规律。【方法】搜集了2006—2015年黄河河龙区间龙门站和吴堡站多年泥沙资料,分析了年均含沙量、最大含沙量、月均含沙量、中值粒径、平均粒径等的变化规律。【结果】2006—2015年,2站年均含沙量呈减少趋势,由于上游水利枢纽的调控,吴堡站年均含沙量较龙门站要小。受极端天气和泄洪影响,2站年最大含沙量呈升高趋势,吴堡站增长率大于龙门站。分析各月含沙量,7、8月含沙量最高,9月、3月次之,吴堡站多年月均含沙量均不同程度低于龙门站。分析中值粒径,平均粒径,认为各站年内枯水季节较丰水季节颗粒大,多年平均各月泥沙粒径由大到小排列为1、2、12、5、11、10月,其他各月相对较小,吴堡站较龙门站泥沙颗粒大。【结论】研究可为河龙区间提黄灌溉工程水质处理和经济运行提供一定的技术支撑。

Water intake and sand control are the key points of water resources utilization of the Yellow River. Water and sediment of the Yellow River change with human and natural factors.【Objective】Study the variation rule of water and sediment in recent years.【Method】The sediment content data of Longmen station and Wubao Station in the He-Long Reach during the past 2006-2015 years were analyzed and the change process of the annual average sediment concentration, the annual maximum sediment concentration, and et al were carried out.【Result】 The annual average sediment concentration of the two stations was decreasing, and the concentration of the Wubao station was less than the Longmen station due to the regulation of upstream water conservancy hubs. The annual maximum sediment concentration in Wubao and Longmen station were increasing, and the growth rate of Wubao station was higher than Longmen station, owing to the impact of extreme weather and flood discharge in recent years. The monthly average sediment concentration in Wubao station was less than Longmen station in all months. And in July and August, the monthly average sediment concentration were the highest, and a little less in September and March. The change of median particle diameter and average particle size showed that the sediment grain of Wubao Station was larger than that of Longmen station and the annual dry season was larger than that of the abundant water season. The annual average monthly variation of sediment particle size from large to small was January, February, December, May, November, October, and the rest months were relatively small. 【Conclusion】This research could provide technical support for water treatment and economic operation of Yellow River irrigation project in He-Long Reach.