煤炭腐植酸对土壤物理性质及玉米生长发育的影响

The Effects of Amending Soil with Coal Humic Acid on Soil Physical Property and Physiological Growth of Maize

【目的】改良土壤,提高作物产量。【方法】以"先玉335"玉米为试材,在黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院试验基地开展玉米田间小区种植试验,分别设置空白对照(CK)、单施化肥(T1)、低量煤炭腐植酸(T2)、中量煤炭腐植酸(T3)、高量煤炭腐植酸(T4)、低化肥与低量腐植酸配施(T5)6个处理。探究煤炭腐植酸对土壤物理性质及玉米生长发育的影响。【结果】施用煤炭腐殖酸显著提高了土壤含水率,显著降低了土壤体积质量,且升高和降低的幅度均随着腐植酸施用量的增多而增大。T4处理土壤含水率最高,平均为19.2%,与CK相比,升高近30%;各处理间土壤体积质量差异显著(P<0.05),在0.97～1.28 g/cm3之间,其大小顺序为CK>T1处理>T5处理>T2处理>T3处理>T4处理。化肥和煤炭腐殖酸均有利于玉米的生长,相比之下,适量的煤炭腐殖酸更有利于促进玉米植株增高、增粗。T3处理株高最高,平均为329.3 cm,与CK相比,增加近14%。T5处理茎粗最高,平均为3.03 cm,与T3、T4处理差异不显著,却显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。T3和T5处理籽粒产量平均为11 077.5 kg/hm^2和11 371.5 kg/hm^2,与CK相比,分别增加近16.8%和20%。【结论】综合可见,科学合理施用煤炭腐植酸对土壤物理性质起到一定改善效果,有利于玉米作物的生长发育。

【Objective】The overarching objective of this paper is to experimentally elucidate the effects of amending soil with coal humic acid on soil physical properties and growth of maize.【Method】The variety of Xianyu335 maize was used as model plant, and we examined six treatments: Control without any applications(CK),chemical fertilizer in one application(T1), low application of coal humic acid(T2), moderate application of coal humic acid(T3), high application of coal humic acid(T4), low fertilizer coupled with low humic acid application(T5). All experiments were conducted at the Daqing base of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.【Result】Application of coal humic acid significantly increased soil water content and reduced soil bulk density. T4 had the highest soil water content with an average of 19.2%, approximately 30% higher than that under CK. The soil bulk density differed significantly between treatments(P<0.05), ranging between 0.97 g/cm3 and 1.28 g/cm3 with the impact of the treatment ranked in the order of CK> T1> T5> T2> T3> T4. Fertilization and coal humic acid benefited maize growth, and an appropriate application of coal humic acid promoted the plant growing to329.3 cm high(T3), approximately 14% higher than that under CK. The average stem diameter under T5 was3.03 cm, not significantly different from T3 and T4 but significantly bigger than other treatments(P<0.05). The average grain yield under T3 and T5 was 11 371.5 kg/hm^2 and 11 077.5 kg/hm^2 respectively, 16.8% and 20% respectively higher than the yield of CK.【Conclusion】Applying an appropriate amount of coal humic acid can improve physical and biochemical properties of soil, which is beneficial to growth and development of maize thereby increasing its yield.