中国对外交往模式变迁下的“国礼”馈赠

Diplomatic Gift in the Changing of the Mode of China's Foreign Relations

"国礼",不仅是国家间交往的产物,更是不同文明交流的产物。作为国家间友好关系的象征,国礼往来于各民族和各国度之间,在国家间的互动中扮演了重要角色。随着中国对外交往模式的变迁,"国礼"馈赠的特征、目的及其所发挥的作用也发生了相应的变化。本文通过对古代朝贡体系下"厚往薄来"的"国礼"馈赠,到近代"条约体系"中"政治求援"性质的"国礼"馈赠,再到新中国成立后现代外交体制下平等的"国礼"馈赠进行历史的梳理,进而探究中国的国际地位以及与其他国家间关系、互动模式的变迁史,以期为中国继续与其他国家发展平等关系、加强友好往来提供借鉴。

Diplomatic gift is not only a consequence of diplomatic relations, but also a result of exchanges between civilizations. Symbolizing friendship between different ethnic groups or nations, gift plays an important role in international interactions. As the mode of China’s foreign relations changed, the feature, purpose, and function of diplomatic gift have changed as well. This paper traces the history of China’s international status, its foreign relations and interactions with foreign countries from a unique perspective — imperial China’s tribute system that gave more gifts than those received, the kind of 'gift-giving' based on request of 'political aid' in the 'treaty system' of modern times to 'gift-giving' based on political equality in contemporary diplomacy after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. This paper hopes to provide reference to the study of maintaining equality and improving friendly exchange in the years to come.