中学生不良行为及人格和父母教养方式的路径研究

Research on path of delinquency middle school students and personality and parenting styles

目的探讨中学生不良行为与人格和父母教养方式间的直接与间接路径,为预防中学生不良行为,完善干预路径,降低不良行为发生率提供依据。方法采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)、自编不良行为问卷对789名中学生进行统一问卷调查。结果中学生不良行为的检出率为34.85%,其中高中(38.75%)显著高于初中(30.17%)(χ~2=6.34,P=0.01);存在行为问题的学生神经质和精神质得分显著低于正常组(t_N=-13.44,P<0.01;t_P=-6.48,P<0.01);父亲情感温暖理解、惩罚严厉、母亲过分干涉过度保护与神经质、精神质对不良行为的解释度为26.1%,中介效应值占比分别为26.37%、18.18%和43.37%,神经质人格在父亲拒绝否认、过度保护和不良行为间起完全中介作用。结论父母教养方式不仅对不良行为发生有直接预测,还通过人格特征间接预测不良行为的发生。

Objective To explore the direct and indirect paths between delinquency of teenagers and their personalities and parenting styles,provide basis for preventing delinquency of teenagers,improving intervention paths and reducing the incidence of delinquency.Methods The EPQ,the EMBU and the self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate 789 teenagers.Results The detection rate of delinquency among teenagers was 34.85%,high school(38.75%) was significantly higher than middle school(30.17%)(χ~2=6.34,P=0.01).Students with behavioral problems had significantly lower scores of neuroticism and psychoticism than the normal group(t_N=-13.44,P<0.01;t_P=-6.48,P<0.01).Father’s warmth or understanding and severe punishment,mother’s excessive interference,over-protection and neuroticism,psychoticism explained delinquency 26.1%.The mediating effect values were 26.37%,18.18% and 43.37%,respectively.Neuroticism played a complete mediating role between father’s rejection,over protection and delinquency.Conclusions Parenting styles not only directly predicts the occurrence of delinquency,but also indirectly predicts the occurrence of delinquency through personality characteristics.