重庆市噪声岗位作业人员健康体检结果分析

Analysis of health examination results of noise workers in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市噪声岗位作业人员职业健康状况,探讨噪声暴露对作业人员健康的影响。方法收集2016年重庆市2 130名噪声岗位作业人员职业健康体检资料,按其是否接触噪声分为对照组及噪声暴露组,综合分析两组人员血压、心电图、肝功能及听力损失等情况。结果噪声暴露组听力损失类型分析显示,暴露组听力异常的485例中,双耳高频平均听力下降145例,占29.90%;语频听力下降61例,占12.58%;语频、高频听力下降5例,占1.03%。噪声暴露组血压(30.28%)、心电图(25.10%)、肝功能(26.22%)及听力(49.29%)异常检出率明显高于对照组各项指标检出率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。暴露组人员听力损失以双耳高频平均听力下降及语频听力下降为主。随工龄的增长,血压异常检出率(χ~2=12.31)、心电图异常检出率(χ~2=16.24)、肝功能异常检出率(χ~2=9.47)及听力异常检出率(χ~2=13.33)略呈增长趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论职业噪声暴露可对血压、心电图、肝功能及听力等造成损害。相关岗位作业人员应加强个体防护,并做好健康监护。

Objective To understand the occupational health status of the noise post workers in Chongqing,explore the effect of noise exposure on the health of the employees.Methods A total of 2 130 occupational health examination data in Chongqing in 2016 were collected.They were divided into control group and noise exposure group according to whether exposed to noise or not.The blood pressure,electrocardiogram,liver function and hearing loss of two groups were analyzed.Results Analysis of the type of hearing loss in the noise-exposed group revealed that the average hearing loss in both ears was 145 in the exposed group,accounting for 29.90%;61 hearing in the frequency of hearing loss,accounting for 12.58%;and 5 in the frequency and high-frequency hearing loss,accounting for 1.03%.There were 485 cases of abnormal hearing.The abnormal rate of blood pressure(30.28%),electrocardiogram(25.10%),liver function(26.22%) and hearing(49.29%) in the noise exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01).The hearing loss in the exposed group was mainly due to the decrease of double ear high frequency average hearing and the decline of speech frequency.With the increase of working age,the abnormal blood pressure(χ~2=12.31),abnormal electrocardiogram(χ~2=16.24),abnormal liver function(χ~2=9.47),and the detection rate of hearing loss(χ~2=13.33) showed a slight increasing trend.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion Occupational noise exposure could cause damage to blood pressure,electrocardiogram,liver function,and hearing.The relevant departments should strengthen individual protection and complete in health supervision.