社会流行病学在健康研究中的应用

Application of social epidemiology in health research

社会流行病学是研究人群健康的社会分布和社会因素对人群健康的影响的一门交叉学科,是流行病学的一个分支学科,在国外已经有一定的研究进展,不仅在不同大学中开设课程,还在慢性病研究等领域中加以应用,但在国内仍处于初期和引入阶段。目前比较常见的基本理论框架有三个,每个理论框架都基于一个假设,如心理社会理论、社会流行病学应用因果DAGs理论和生态社会理论及多水平框架理论。为系统介绍社会流行病学这门学科,查阅中国知网数据库、万方医学期刊数据库和维普期刊数据库等文献,从定义、国内外应用现状和三个基本理论框架来介绍社会流行病学。基于社会流行病学侧重于社会因素,此文对其在老年健康研究、艾滋病防治研究以及心理研究领域(尤其是自杀研究)三个"社会病"领域的具体应用进行综述,梳理其在目前中国健康研究领域中的应用。

Social epidemiology is an interdisciplinary study of the social distribution of population health and the impact of social factors on population health.It is a subdiscipline of epidemiology;it has been some research progress abroad and applied in areas such as chronic disease research.The opening of courses is still in the early stage and introduction stage in China;there are currently three basic theoretical frameworks which are psychosocial theory,causal Directed Acyclic Graphs and ecosocial theory and related multi-level frameworks,and each theoretical framework is based on a hypothesis.To introduce the system of social epidemiology,the author consulted the Chinese knowledge network database,Wanfang medical journal database,and Weipu journal database.This paper reviewed the definition,domestic and international application status,three basic theoretical frameworks to introduce social epidemiology.Based on social epidemiology focusing on social factors,this study reviewed its specific applications in China in the fields of elderly health research,AIDS prevention research and psychological research(especially suicide research).