2017年金华市城乡居民健康素养现状分析

Analysis on health literacy among urban and rural residents in Jinhua in 2017

目的了解金华市城乡居民健康素养情况,为政府制定下一步健康促进干预策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取金华市2 503名15~69周岁常住居民进行问卷调查。结果调查对象健康素养水平为22.09%,城市居民为24.55%,农村居民为20.61%(χ~2=5.053,P<0.05)。具备基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能素养的比例分别为37.87%、20.70%、22.09%。六类健康问题素养水平由高到低依次为安全与急救50.94%、科学健康观47.78%、健康信息32.72%、慢性病防治25.81%、基本医疗25.33%、传染病防治素养21.45%。不同人群间健康素养总体水平、三方面和六类健康问题的素养水平分布差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=27.470~188.987,P<0.01),25~34岁组健康素养水平最高,随年龄增长呈下降趋势;文化程度越高具备各素养比例越高;机关事业单位人员比例最高,学生和农民相对较低。结论金华市城乡居民健康素养总体水平高于2016年全国居民健康素养水平,城乡地区和不同人群间存在差异。应将农村作为重点场所,农民、老年人、文化程度较低者等为重点人群,以激发个体主动健康意识为重点方向,以传染病预防和健康科学观为重点内容,开展有针对性的健康教育工作。

Objective To understand the health literacy among urban and rural residents,in order to provide scientific evidence for next health intervention strategies for govemment.Methods Using multi-stage stratified random sampling,a total of 2 503 residents aged from 15 to 69 years were selected and participated in the questionnaire survey.Results The proportion of health literacy in population surveyed was 22.09%.Urban residents rate was 24.55%,rural residents was 20.61%(χ~2=5.053,P<0.05).The level of basic healthy knowledge and concept,healthy lifestyle and behavior,basic healthy life skills were 37.87%,20.70%and 22.09%respectively.The rate of six health problem literacy arrange from high to low were safety and first-aid,accounting for 50.94%,scientific health concept,accounting for 47.78%,health information,accounting for 32.72%,chronic disease prevention,accounting for 25.81%,primary medical,accounting for 25.33%,infectious disease prevention,accounting for 21.45%.There were statistically significant differences in the overall level of health literacy levels in three aspects and six types of health problems among different population(χ~2=27.470~188.987,P<0.01).Age group 25 to 34 years old had the highest health literacy level,there was a downward trend with age.The higher level of education had the higher literacy level.Personnel of public organs and institutions had the highest level,while students and farmer had lower level.Conclusion The health literacy rate of Jinhua residents is higher than that of the national,the distribution between urban and rural residents,and among different characteristic population are different.Targeted health education is needed to focus on rural areas,farmer,elderly population,and lower educated people;as well as on stimulating individual health awareness,infectious disease prevention and scientific health concept.