儿童专科医院医疗照射剂量及频度特性分析

Analysis of dose and frequency of medical irradiation in children’s specialized hospitals

目的调查黑龙江省典型医疗机构对0~15岁儿童进行摄影、透视、CT检查放射诊断频度,测量儿童在此过程中所接受的辐射剂量,估算省内儿童医疗照射频度及剂量。方法通过调取PACS系统信息、医院纸质记录、核对设备和患者信息等多种方式获取医疗照射频度结果;通过热释光照射剂量、电离室剂量仪、放射装置自监测等方式获取医疗照射剂量结果并比对,估算儿童放射诊断的有效剂量。结果共调查0~15岁儿童接受普通X射线诊断90 239人次,其中X射线胃肠检查6 278人次,CT诊断25 570人次;剂量测量值范围为0.099mGy^7.521mGy,热释光与剂量仪监测的照射剂量结果差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.33,P>0.05),与放射诊断设备显示结果在相同管电压下呈线性相关。结论黑龙江省儿童专科医疗机构对儿童进行放射检查时,X射线摄片中胸部摄片应用频次最高,CT诊断中胸部CT频次最高,扫描群体剂量中颅脑CT和胸部CT占比较高,应参考放射诊断设备显示结果合理降低儿童患者的受照剂量。

Objective To survey the frequency of radiological diagnosis including radiography,X-ray and CT scan for children aged 0 to 15 years in typical medical institutions,measure the radiation dose they received during the radiological diagnosis and estimate the radiation dose and frequency of children in Heilongjiang.Methods The results of medical radiation frequency were obtained by collecting PACS system information,hospital paper records,checking patient information of equipment.The effective dose of children’s radio diagnosis was estimated by comparing the results of medical radiation dose obtained by pyroluminescence radiation dose,ionization chamber dosimeter and self-monitoring of radiation device.Results A total of 90 239 children aged 0~15 years old were investigated,including 6 278 X-ray gastrointestinal examinations and 25 570 CT diagnoses.The dosimetry ranged from 0.099 mGy to 7.521 mGy.There was no significant difference between the results of thermoluminescence and dosimeter monitoring(χ~2=0.33,P>0.05),which was linearly correlated with the results of radiological diagnostic equipment under the same tube voltage.Conclusion Chest X-ray photography has the highest application frequency in X-ray examinations and chest CT has the highest frequency in CT diagnosis,and most of the total dose in scanning group dose come from craniocerebral CT and chest CT in children’s specialized medical institutions of Heilongjiang.Therefore,the irradiation dose of children should be reasonably reduced by referring to the results of radiological diagnosis equipment.