2011—2015年全国结核病实验室能力建设现状分析

Analysis of tuberculosis laboratory capacity building in China from 2011 to 2015

目的了解2011—2015年全国结核病实验室能力建设现况,分析存在的问题并提出有针对性的建议。方法采用统一设计的调查表,收集全国各级结核病实验室能力建设相关数据,采用SPSS17. 0进行数据分析,采用χ~2检验比较不同地区实验室能力。结果全国32家省级实验室中,有96. 9%的实验室具备开展菌种鉴定能力。330个地(市)级实验室中,有90. 3%的实验室具备开展传统药敏试验能力,有44. 2%的实验室具备开展分子生物学检测能力。不同地区地(市)级实验室痰培养和药敏试验工作开展情况差异有统计学意义(P <0. 01)。全国2 563家县(区)级实验室中,有73. 9%的实验室具备开展结核分枝杆菌分离培养的能力,有27. 5%的实验室常规开展结核病分子生物学检测工作。不同地区县(区)级实验室痰培养和分子生物检测工作开展情况差异有统计学意义(P <0. 01)。2015年与2011年相比,疾控机构结核病实验室专业人员数量下降了4. 8%。结论不同地区实验室能力存在差异,西部地区实验室能力较中东部地区薄弱,应采取切实有效措施,因地制宜推进地区间实验室能力建设均衡发展。

Objective To understand the current situation of national tuberculosis laboratory capacity construction from 2011 to 2015,analyze the existing problems,and put forward the target-oriented proposal.Methods According to the unified survey form,the data including laboratory capacity building in China was collected.The data analysis was used by SPSS 17.0,and Chi-square test was used to analyze the different lab capacity among different areas.Results Among the 32 provincial laboratories in China,96.9%had the capacity to carry out strain identification.Of the 330 prefecture-level(municipal)laboratories,90.3%had the capacity to carry out traditional drug sensitivity tests,and 44.2%had the capacity to carry out molecular biological tests.There was significant difference in sputum culture and drug sensitivity test between different regions among prefecture-level(P<0.01).Among the 2 563 county-level(district)laboratories in China,73.9%had the capability to carry out sputum culture,and 27.5%routinely carried out molecular biological testing of tuberculosis.There were significant differences in sputum culture and molecular bioassay between different regions among county-level(P<0.01).Comparing with 2011,the quantity of laboratory professionals in CDC declined by 4.8%.Conclusion There is significant difference in lab capacity between different regions,and the lab capacity of west area is weaker than east and middle area.We should conduct concrete and effective measures to promote the balanced development of inter-regional laboratory capacity building.