学校卫生保健教师职业压力对心理健康的影响及应对策略

Influence of school health care teachers’ occupational stress on mental health and coping strategies

目的了解上海市中小学卫生保健教师职业压力对心理健康的影响,并提出有助于应对职业压力的策略。方法选用教师职业压力和心理健康调查问卷进行分层随机抽样调查分析。该问卷从教师的职业压力、工作满意度、教师工作倦怠、生理健康状况和心理健康状况等多个角度进行分析,用t检验和方差分析研究卫生保健教师的压力差异及处理压力方式上的差异。结果调查的235名卫生保健教师中,有48. 5%压力较大,可见卫生保健教师的心理健康状况并不乐观。通过探索性因素分析可得其心理压力主要来源于管理制度因素、角色与社会认同因素、个人及家庭因素和工作负担因素,这4个因素构成教师职业压力主体,占压力源变量信息特征的64. 82%。从年龄上看,36~55岁年龄段压力值高于其他两个年龄段(≤35岁和> 55岁),差异有统计学意义(F=5. 604,P <0. 05);从职称上看,初级职称和副高级职称的卫生保健教师压力值显著高于其他职称,差异有统计学意义(F=3. 705,P <0. 05)。卫生保健教师的职业压力值在受教育程度(F=0. 275)、性别(t=-1. 315)、经济状况(F=0. 75)和是否是专职卫生保健教师(t=-0. 173)方面差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论上海市的卫生保健教师心理状况值得关注,可以从国家宏观层面、学校中观层面和自我微观层面提出改善卫生保健教师心理现状的策略。

Objective To understand the impact of occupational stress on mental health of health care teachers in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai,put forward some strategies to help deal with occupational stress.Methods This study conducted a stratified random sampling survey by using the questionnaire of teachers’occupational stress and mental health.This questionnaire analyzed teachers’occupational stress,job satisfaction,job burnout,physical health,mental health and other aspects to truly reflect teachers’psychological stress and health status.T test and ANOVA were used to study the difference of stress among health care teachers.Results Among the 235 health care teachers,the proportion of under great pressure was 48.5%.The mental health status of health care teachers was not optimistic.Through exploratory factor analysis,the psychological pressure mainly came from management system,role and social identity,personal and family,job load.These four statistical factors constituted the main body of teachers’occupational stress,accounting for 64.82%of the information characteristics of pressure source variables.From the age point of view,the stress perception in the 36~55 age group was higher than the other two age groups(below 35 years old,55 years old or older),and there was a significant difference(F=5.604,P<0.05).From the professional titles,the health care teachers with junior titles and deputy senior titles were significantly higher than other professional titles(F=3.705,P<0.05).The occupational stress of health care teachers was not significantly different in terms of education(F=0.275,P>0.05),gender(t=-1.315,P>0.05),and economic status(F=0.75,P>0.05)whether or not a health care teacher.Conclusion The psychological status of health care teachers in Shanghai is worthy of attention.It is possible to propose strategies to improve the psychological status of health care teachers from the national macro level,the school level and the self level.