杭州市2所幼儿园手足口病发病率及影响因素调查

Investigation on the incidence and influencing factors of hand,foot and mouth disease in 2 kindergartens in Hangzhou

目的探讨杭州市2所幼儿园儿童手足口病的发病率,并进一步调查其影响因素。方法选取2017年4—10月杭州市2所幼儿园的1 000名儿童为调查研究对象,将其按随机数字表法分为干预组(n=500)与对照组(n=500),干预组给予儿童手部卫生干预措施,对照组儿童保持自然状态并不加以干预。对1 000名儿童的基本状况进行问卷调查,于2017年4月—2018年10月对2所幼儿园儿童的手足口病发病情况进行监测,通过单因素分析法研究样本数据差异,采用多因素Logistic回归分析法对儿童手足口病进行深入分析。结果 1 000名儿童中共发现15例手足口病,手足口病发病率为1. 50%。干预组中,手足口病发病率为0. 20%,明显低于对照组的2. 80%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=32. 315,P <0. 05)。通过多因素分析发现,年龄小、居住于住宅小区、家庭平均月收入低、监护人学历低是该地区2所幼儿园手足口病的主要危险因素(OR值分别为0. 708、0. 244、1. 461、0. 688,P <0. 05),而手部干预措施是儿童手足口病的主要保护因素(OR=1. 407,P <0. 05)。结论对杭州市2所幼儿园调查发现,实施手部干预措施能够明显降低手足口病患病率,手足口病受到居住区、家庭月收入、年龄、监护人学历因素影响,需要予以高度重视。

Objective To investigate the incidence of hand,foot and mouth disease in children in 2 kindergartens in Hangzhou,and further investigate the influencing factors.Methods One thousand children from 2 kindergartens in Hangzhou were selected from April to October 2017 as subjects.They were randomly divided into intervention group(n=500)and control group(n=500).The group gave children a hand hygiene intervention,and the control group remained in a natural state without intervention.A questionnaire survey was conducted on the basic conditions of 1 000 children,at the same time,the incidence of hand,foot and mouth of 2 kindergarten children was monitored from April 2017 to October 2018.The differences in sample data were studied by single factor statistical analysis,and the multi-factor logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the hand,foot and mouth disease in children.Results In the monitoring phase,15 cases of hand,foot and mouth disease were found among 1 000 children,and the incidence of hand,foot and mouth disease was 1.50%.In the intervention group,the incidence of hand,foot and mouth disease was 0.20%,which was significantly lower than 2.80%of the control group.The difference was statistically significant(χ~2=32.315,P<0.05).Through multiple factor analysis,it was found that young age,living in residential quarters,low average family monthly income,and low academic qualifications of primary guardians were the main risk factors for hand,foot and mouth disease in 2 kindergartens(OR=0.708,0.244,1.461,0.688,P<0.05),and hand interventions were the main protective factor for children’s hand,foot and mouth disease(OR=1.407,P<0.05).Conclusion A survey of 2 kindergartens in Hangzhou found that the implementation of hand interventions can significantly reduce the prevalence of hand,foot and mouth disease.At the same time,it is found that hand,foot and mouth disease is affected by the residential area,family monthly income,age,and guardian education factors,and it needs to be highly valued.