南岗区2016—2018年突发事件中诺如病毒流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of norovirus in emergencies in Nangang district,2016-2018

目的了解2016—2018年哈尔滨市南岗区突发性事件中诺如病毒在人群的感染流行状况,为诺如病毒的预防控制提供参考依据。方法收集2016—2018年南岗区突发事件中诺如病毒GⅠ型和GⅡ型检测结果,用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 303份样本中,诺如病毒总阳性率为20. 46%(62/303),GⅠ型感染占4. 29%(13/303),GⅡ型感染占15. 18%(46/303),GⅠ型和GⅡ型混合性感染占0. 99%(3/303);诺如病毒GⅠ型感染、GⅡ型感染和GⅠ型和GⅡ型混合性感染在托幼机构、学校与餐饮单位比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7. 815,P <0. 05),学校比餐饮单位感染阳性率高;0~5岁组、6~25岁组和26~65岁组诺如病毒阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6. 634,P <0. 05),0~5岁组比其他年龄组诺如病毒阳性率高。结论哈尔滨市南岗区突发事件中诺如病毒感染主要发生在托幼机构和学校,有明显的季节性,应该加强监测,提高传染病防控意识,并根据流行病学特征开展针对性预防措施。

Objective To understand the infection prevalence of norovirus in the population during the emergency events in Nangang district from 2016 to 2018,provide the reference for the prevention and control of norovirus.Methods From 2016 to 2018 in Nangang district,test results of norovirus GⅠand GⅡin emergencies were collected,description epidemiological method was used to analyze.Results Among 303 samples,the total positive rate of norovirus was 20.46%(62/303),type GⅠinfection accounted for 4.29%(13/303),type GⅡinfection accounted for 15.18%(46/303),GⅠand GⅡmixed infection was 0.99%(3/303).We compared norovirus GⅠ,GⅡ,GⅠand GⅡmixed infection in catering units and childcare facilities and schools,the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=7.815,P<0.05),the school infection positive rate was higher than that in catering units.The norovirus positive rates in the 0~5 years old group,the 6~25 years old group and the 26~65 years old group were compared,and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=6.634,P<0.05).The norovirus positive rate in the 0~5 years old group was higher than those in other age groups.Conclusion In Nangang district,norovirus infection mainly occurred in kindergartens and schools,which was obviously seasonal.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring,improve the awareness of prevention and control of infectious diseases,and carry out targeted preventive measures according to the epidemiological characteristics.