故宫学的学科体系

The Disciplinary System of the “Gugong Studies”

故宫学是以故宫及其历史文化内涵为研究对象,集整理、研究、保护与展示为一体的综合性学问和学科,研究对象包括故宫(紫禁城)、故宫文物和故宫博物院,三者相互依存,构成一个文化整体。故宫学自成一套知识体系,可细分为古遗址、古建筑、古器物、文献档案与图书典籍等方面,又涉及宗教学、民族学、文学、艺术学、考古学、历史学、建筑学、管理学、图书馆学、档案学、博物馆学等领域。故宫学强调多重论据法,要求综合运用古建筑、文物藏品、图书典籍和档案文献等资料,实现以物证史、以物论史、以物鉴物、以史论物的研究目标。故宫学提倡跨学科研究,要求从对单体文物研究的思路进入哲学化的思维方式即强调联系与发展,进入美学化的思维方式即导向审美与评赏,进入历史化的思维方式即注重社会与背景,并且扩展到对其他学科的认识,防止孤立地看待文物,防止“碎片化”。

The "Gugong Studies"(Gugong xue) focuses on the study of history and cultural patrimony of the former imperial palace of the Ming and the Qing dynasties(known as "Gugong" in Chinese). It is a comprehensive academic discipline of collating, studying, preserving, and displaying the resource materials of the architectural complex(the Forbidden City), the collections of the Palace Museum, and the Museum entity itself. They complement each other and constitute a culture unity. The "Gugong Studies" is a self-contained knowledge system, which is made up of the study of heritage site, heritage architecture, extant artifacts, historical archive, and old books. This specific branch of knowledge also associate with such fields of study as religion, ethnology, literature, art, archaeology, history, architecture, management science, library science, archives,and museology. The "Gugong Studies" emphasizes on multiple grounds of argument. It calls for a collective utilization of source materials of heritage architecture, artefacts of historical value, old books and archive, to represent history and review history with concrete evidence, as well as to appraise extant objects by comparison, and to examine an object with the knowledge of history. The "Gugong Studies" is also open to crossdisciplinary research methodologies-when it comes to the study of an individual object or subject matter, it involves the adoptions of a philosophical mindset that emphasizes on connection and evolvement, of an aesthetic mindset that features the appreciation of art,and of a historical perspective that highlights social background, so as to relate to knowledge of other academic disciplines to avoid isolated viewpoints or fragmented information of the research subjects.