奇石尽含千古秀 好花长占四时春——建福宫花园植物配置及植物营造园林意境初探

Exploration of the Original Landscape Installation and its Artistic Conception in the Garden of Establishing Happiness

植物是构成中国古典园林景观及意境的重要要素。本文通过现场勘察建福宫花园复建前植物配置状况,查阅清乾隆、嘉庆、咸丰皇帝御制诗,搜罗相关历史文献,考证了清代建福宫花园各个建筑庭院的植物景观,分析其植物配置的特点,解读植物在营造建福宫园林意境中的表现。园中堆叠的山石与植物相结合营造出自然野趣的山林意境,园中建筑上丰富的描绘植物景观的楹联,点景抒情,深化了花园的景观意趣,从而创造出建福宫花园“言有尽而意无穷”的诗画意境。

Plants are key element of a classical Chinese garden. They are also a primary source for building the ambience of a garden. Based on the survey of plants at the site of the Garden of Establishing Happiness(Jianfugong huayuan) before it was reconstructed, a close looking up of clues in imperial poem collections by the Qianlong(r. 1736-1795), Jiaqing(r. 1796-1820), and Daoguang(r. 1821-1850) emperors as well as other relevant historical documents, the author examines the botanical landscape at each palatial courtyard in the Garden back in the Qing times(1644-1911), analyzes the original installation of the plants and deciphers their hidden meanings in creating the ambience of the Garden. The accumulated lake rocks in the Garden complementing the plants add a touch of natural wildness to the Garden, while those horizontal plaques and couplets bearing inscriptions lauding the scenery found everywhere in the architecture accentuate the joy of garden experience. Together they create a lyric ambience beyond words.