“国家”视角下的“失败国家”成因研究——以非洲国家为研究中心

A Study on the Causes of " failed state" from the Perspective of " State" ——A Discourse on African Countries

冷战后出现的"失败国家"概念历经了一系列演变,并形成了观察"失败国家"的不同视角,从中也可以发现"失败国家"的两重指向,即作为发展困境的国家"失败"和带有较强政策导向的标签性话语。有关发展困境成因的理论争论表明,理解"失败国家"的成因需要回归"国家",并综合考虑国际体系、国家制度、国家和社会的关系的影响,三者通过塑造国家形成的历史进程影响国家发展的成败。对非洲国家发展经历的研究进一步表明,"失败国家"的产生是发展过程的产物,国际社会应该合作应对"失败国家"在发展中面临的问题。

The concept of ' failed state' emerged after the Cold War has gone through a series of evolution,forming different perspectives to observe ' failed state' in which the double senses of ' failed state' can also be found,that is,a failure of 'states' because of their development dilemma and a highly policy-oriented discourse used like a label. The theoretical debate on the causes of the development dilemma suggests that understanding of the causes of ' failed state' needs to return to ' state',with an overall consideration on the impact of the relations among the international system,the state system,and the state and the society; these three factors affect the success and failure of country development by shaping the historical process of the formation of countries. A study on the development experience of African countries further indicates that a ' failed state' is a product of development process,and the international community should cooperate to deal with the problems facing ' failed states' in their development.