国家认同危机与苏格兰独立问题的反思

Reflections on National Identity Crisis and the Scottish Independence

2014年9月18日,苏格兰就"苏格兰是否该成为一个独立国家?"举行全民公投,这标志着酝酿了一个世纪之久的苏格兰独立运动终于达到高潮。苏格兰独立运动的实质是一场英国国家认同危机。这次危机从表面上看是英国国内政治博弈的产物,但基于英国建国的若干特殊性及其深远影响,从更长的历史时空和更广的全球视野下观察,英国国家认同危机的根本线索来自于近60年来世界局势的巨大变化。这些变化与英国特殊的立国基础一起,动摇了英国的基本国家认同。英国的当务之急是在短期内重新确立利益认同,在中长期进行民族整合或塑造新的国家认同意识形态。本文认为,国家认同研究中应具备基本的国际视野。

On September 18,2014,Scotland held the referendum on 'whether or not Scotland should become an independent country?'marking the climax finally reached by the Scottish independence movement after a century-old brewing.The Scottish independence movement is a crisis of the national identity of the UK in essence.On the surface,this crisis is a product of the British domestic political game,but based on a number of the specialties of the founding of the UK and their far-reaching influence,and seen from a longer timeframe of history and a broader global perspective,the fundamental clues of the British national identity crisis come from the great changes in the world situation over the last 60 years.Along with the special founding foundation of the UK,these changes undermined the basic national identity of the UK.It is imperative for of the UK to re-establish an identity of interest in the short term and achieve national consolidation or form a new ideology of national identity in the longer term.This paper argues that the studies on national identity should have basic international perspective.