东南亚国家海洋划界的政策选择

Policy Options on the Maritime Demarcation for Southeast Asian Countries

东南亚地区大多数国家之间都存在着许多边界争端,这对地区形势和国际关系造成了较大影响。从20世纪60年代开始,由于多方面的原因,东南亚国家越来越关注海洋划界问题,对解决海洋划界问题作出了较大的努力,体现出较明显的务实性、灵活性、合作性和妥协性,并取得了明显进展。东南亚国家主要通过双边或多边谈判方式来解决海洋划界问题,其中既有划定边界的协定,也有未能划定边界的临时安排,大大增强了国家间通过协商解决一些棘手问题的信心。在东南亚国家中,只有缅甸根据1982年《联合国海洋法公约》诉诸第三方争端解决机制解决与孟加拉国的海洋划界问题。从趋势来看,东南亚国家虽然对解决海洋划界问题具有较强的信心和意愿,但它们之间许多海洋划界问题仍有待得到妥善解决,否则将可能成为妨碍它们在更多领域开展多边合作的不利因素。

There are many border disputes among most countries in Southeast Asia,which has a great impact on the regional situation and international relations.Since the 1960s,due to various reasons,Southeast Asian countries have paid increasingly attention to the issues of maritime delimitation,made great efforts to solve them by presenting relatively visible pragmatism,flexibility,cooperation and compromise,and made significant progress.Southeast Asian countries have mainly solved the issues of maritime delimitation through bilateral or multilateral negotiations that have led to both the agreements on border demarcation and the temporary arrangements in which they failed to demarcate the boundaries,greatly enhancing the confidence of countries in solving some difficult problems through consultation.Among the Southeast Asian countries,only Myanmar has resorted to the third-party dispute settlement mechanism to resolve the issue of maritime delimitation with Bangladesh in accordance with the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.Seen from the perspective of trends,although Southeast Asian countries have strong confidence and willingness to resolve the issues of maritime delimitation,many issues of maritime delimitation among the countries still need to be properly resolved,otherwise they may become unfavorable factorsin multilateral cooperation in more fields.