利益、相对实力与中国经济外交的策略选择

Interests,Relative Strength and Strategic Choices of China's Economic Diplomacy

在国际社会中,中国是经济外交的重要参与者,拥有丰富的经验和多种类型的经济外交方式。既有的研究文献对中国经济外交影响因素进行了丰富的解读,但也存在着研究中引入影响因素过多的缺陷。在借鉴已有研究成果的基础上,本文从利益和相对实力两方面构建影响中国经济外交类型选择的研究框架。运用该框架,本文选取与中国相对实力相差较小的法国和与中国相对实力相差较大的蒙古国作为分析对象进行了详细分析。分析结果表明,当外交事件带来国家利益增益时,中国会采取积极的经济外交类型,当外交事件损害国家利益时,中国则倾向于使用消极的经济外交类型;当国家间相对实力相差较小时,中国在运用经济外交手段时会更加谨慎和克制,当双方实力相差较大时,中国的经济外交类型的选择会更具弹性。依据两类影响因素的4种组合,本文将中国经济外交的类型划分为合作型、援助型、施压型和制裁型等4种类型。

In the international community,China is an important participant in economic diplomacy,with rich experience and many means for economic diplomacy.The existing research literature has already had a rich interpretation of the factors affecting China's economic diplomacy,but there is also the defect of introducing too many influencing factors to the studies.Based on the results of existing studies,this paper constructs a research framework from the two aspects of interests and relative strength that influence China's choices of the types of economic diplomacy.Using this framework,this paper selects France,whose difference from China is relatively smaller in terms of relative strength,and Mongolia,whose difference from China is relatively greater in terms of relative strength,as the targets for the analysis.The results of the analysis shows that when diplomatic events bring about the gains of national interest,China will adopt a positive type of economic diplomacy;when diplomatic events damage its national interests,China tends to use a negative type of economic diplomacy;when the differences of relative strength between the country/countries and China are smaller,China will be more cautious and restrained when using the means of economic diplomacy;and when the relative strength of the two sides differ greatly,China's choice of the type of economic diplomacy will be more flexible.According to the four combinations of the two kinds of influencing factors,this paper divides the types of China's economic diplomacy into the four types of cooperation,aid,pressure,and sanction.