从“大政府”到“精明政府”:中国政府职能转变的逻辑——交易成本政治学的视角

From “Huge Government”to “Smart Government”: The Logic of China's Government Function Transformation from the Perspective of Transaction Cost Politics

论文利用整合的交易成本政治学框架,分析了中国政府职能转变的核心机制。整体而言,中国政府职能转变的过程是由政府自身利益驱动的,但经济社会组织也会就政府在经济社会事务治理中的边界进行再协商。其中,经济社会组织的相对议价能力确定了经济社会组织与政府进行政治交易的可能性,政治契约被治理的可能性也影响了再协商的结果。如是,政府职能转变的过程是一个政府利益最大化,经济社会组织与政府之间政治交易达成的可能性以及相对议价能力三者互动的结果。与此同时,政府职能转变也嵌入在特定经济社会环境之中的。在不同的经济社会事务领域内,政府的收益、经济社会组织与政府之间相对议价能力和政治交易治理机制的系统性差异,使得不同经济社会事务领域之内政府职能转型的速度、路径和结果呈现出系统性差异。以国有企业、社会组织和农村治理三个领域的差异为基础,论文界定了三种不同的政府权力转移机制:建构性放权、吸纳型放权和隔离型放权,说明了在不同经济社会事务领域内,政府职能转变逻辑的差异。

From the perspective of transaction cost politics,this paper analyzes the core logic of China's government functions transformation. On the whole,the drive of China's government functions transformation process is in the government's self- interests,but economic and social organizations will continue to debate the boundary of the economic and social affairs with government. The process of re- bargaining is determined by the relative bargaining power and the possibility of political contract governance.Government function transformation is an output from the interaction of government interest maxmization,the possiblility of reaching political transactions between economic and social organizations and governments,and relative bargaining power. Meanwhile,this process is also embedded in economic and social contexts and institutional contexts.TThe government interest,the possibility of concluding transactions with governments,he different political transactional governmence mechnisms involved,and the relative bargaining power of the parties involved,lead to different speed,paths and results of government founction transformation in different areas of economic and social affairs.Using sources from three different areas of government- state- owned enterprises,social organizations and rural governance- this paper defines three types of logic for government power transfers: constructive power- delegation, absorptive power-delegation,and isolated power- delegation. Thus,illustrating that in different fields of economic and social affairs,the logic of government function transformation is different.