《水污染防治法》罚款设定方式评价——基于犯罪经济学理论

Assessment on Penalty Calculation Methods in Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law:An Approach of Criminal Economics

本文利用犯罪经济学的基本理论,结合《水污染防治法》实施以来按排污费倍数对违法行为进行处罚的实施情况,对固定额度罚款、按排污费倍数进行罚款、按违法收益处罚、按日计罚(又可以分为行为罚和秩序罚)等几种违法处罚方式的利弊进行了分析,并用精确性、操作简单性和威慑力三个标准进了综合比较。论文肯定了按排污费倍数进行处罚的优势,但指出了其存在的问题,并提出以其他处罚方法作为可替代的方案。

This paper draws on the theory of basic criminal economics to study the effect of different types of penalties imposed on Water Pollution Act violations.The penalties include fixed about fine,multiple-time pollution discharge fee fine,benefit based fine,and daily fine.Comparisons are also made among them in terms of accuracy,operational easiness,and deterrence.The study revealed the advantage of multiple-time pollution discharge fee fine and the possible problems associated with it.The authors also suggested alternative penalty methods.