福利多元主义视角的社区居家养老问题研究——以XM市XG街道为例

A Study on Community Care Services from the Perspective of Welfare Pluralism:Based on XG Street,XM

从福利多元主义的视角考察XM市XG街道的社区居家养老,可以发现社区居家养老的多元供给主体已经形成,但多元供给机制尚未建立。政府是唯一稳定但仅承担有限责任的参与方,营利部门的参与具有选择性和随意性,志愿部门的参与则更具象征性,三方并未构建起基于民主协商和妥协精神的伙伴关系。在多元化的福利供给体系中,政府必须更具管理和监管能力,防止类似于政府购买服务中因道德风险而导致的低效率;社区居家养老服务具有"重社区、轻家庭"的认识误区,放任家庭养老的脆弱化而不是采取制度支持或经济激励的方式予以固化。同时,鉴于中国的社区居家养老与西方国家的发展路径不同,西方国家的起点是"去机构化",而中国的起点是"去家庭化",因而福利多元主义在中国社区居家养老服务的改革实践中,应发展出突显中国家庭养老文化的多元供给机制。

Based on exploratory research on the current situation of community elderly care at XG Street,XM City from the perspective of Welfare Pluralism,the articles demonstrates that:there exists multi-suppliers in community care,but a formal system has yet to be established.The government is the sole stable and responsible party in service provision,profit-seeking organizations' participation is selective and sporadic,and voluntary non-profits' participation is only symbolic.There is not an established collaboration mechanism among the three.For this,the authors observe that western home-based early care tried to take the institutions out while the Chinese elderly care reform starts by taking the families out.In recognition of these differences,the authors argue for a careful deliberation in developing an elderly care system that embraces unique cultural Chinese characteristics.