收入不平等与公共政策干预:教育、医疗、城市化

Income Inequality and Public Policy Intervention:Education,Medical Service,and Urbanization

收入不平等是困扰众多发达及发展中国家的重要问题。本文对41个国家与地区进行比较研究,分析贫富差距扩大的原因,寻找缓解不平等现象的政策办法。本文采用世界经济合作组织的GINI系数,世界银行统计的教育、公共医疗、城市化速度等数据,通过数据分析,发现政府对中等教育的投入可以一定程度地缓解不平等;政府的公共医疗开支能够显著地缩小贫富差距;快速城市化会扩大贫富差距;人口规模和种族隔离历史也是造成不平等的因素。基于以上发现,本文为中国预防和解决不平等问题提出了相应的政策建议。

Income Inequality plagues both developed countries and developing countries.This research conducts comparative study across 41 countries and areas,searching for causes that contribute to continuous widening of the gap between the rich and the poor,and looking for policy solutions,to develop policy alternatives which relieve inequality.We performed analysis for OECD Gini Index of 41 countries and areas,data about public education expenditure,health expenditure and urbanization pace statistics collected by the World Bank.We find that public spending on secondary education and governmentally supported public medical service can decrease income inequality;whereas rapid urbanization increase inequality.Our findings also show that large scale of population and the history of apartheid contribute to inequality.We then proposed policy changes on the bases of these findings.