公共服务供给中公民参与有效性的提升路径——基于目标—因素匹配模型构建维度的考量

The Path for Enhancing Citizen Participation Effectiveness in Public Service Provision:A Model for Matching Management Goals with Key Factors

公共服务供给中公民参与的目标可分为增进供给决策科学化和增强供给决策可接受性两个目标。公共服务供给中公民参与有效性的影响因素主要包括参与主体、参与工具、参与客体(公共服务供给决策问题的性质)和参与环境。由于目标与影响因素的匹配程度决定了公民参与的有效程度,故而,为了提升公共服务供给中公民参与的有效性,可以按照挑选或构想有利于目标实现的参与主体、参与工具和参与环境以及根据参与客体的状况设定参与目标这一分析思路,分别探究与实现两个目标相匹配的参与主体、参与工具和参与客体,初步分析实现两个目标所需的参与环境,从而在应然层面构建出目标一因素匹配模型。该模型将为提升公共服务供给中公民参与的有效性提供知识基础。

The citizen participation in public service provision goal setting includes two objectives:improving the scientific nature of the goal,and enhancing its public acceptance.The major factors influencing the goal setting are participants,participation tools,stakeholders,and participation environment.The congruence of these factors affects the effectiveness of citizen participation.In order to improve citizen participation effectiveness,efforts should be made to match the goal orientation with the key factors that influence the goal setting.This paper is such an effort and the model built through this effort should be able to provide a solid knowledge basis for improving the effectiveness of citizen participation in public service goal setting.