土地权利的理论逻辑与政策意蕴

Theoretical Logic and Policy Implication of Landuse Rights

土地在人的生活里,与人的秩序是密切相关的。在原始秩序中,它表现为原始的资产,在帝国的秩序中表现为帝国的资产,主要是用来征税。在扩展的市场秩序中,它则表现为市场的资产,主要体现为市场价格。土地作为资产的价值,在市场中被大大扩展了。这种资产价值的扩张,是与土地权利的扩张密切相关的。在原始秩序和帝国秩序中,土地的权利都是特殊的权利;在市场秩序中,土地的权利则是普遍的权利。正因为是普遍的权利,土地才得以与多层次复合的市场密切相关,当然,也正是市场结构的发展,才让中国比较特殊的土地权利实际上开始拥有普遍权利的性质,从而支撑了中国经济的增长。从秩序的角度来理解土地资产和土地权利,可以很好地理解中国发展的故事,更好地理解过去15年为什么中国发展得那么快,同时也可以更好地处理如何跨越中等收入陷阱的问题。

Landuse is closely related to social orders in human life.In the primary order,it is shown as the original asset.In the order of the Empire it is the assets for the empire to levy taxes.In the expanded market order,it can be expressed as price.Land as the value of assets in the market greatly expanded because of the structure of market.The expansion of the asset value is closely related to the expansion of the landuse rights.In the original order and the order of the Empire,the right of the land is a special right,in the market order,the right of the land is a universal right.Because of universal rights,land was able to closely relate to multiple layer composite market.Of course,it is also the development of the market structure to let the Chinese special land rights actually with the nature of the universal right and thus supporting the growth of China's economy.To understand the assets and rights of the land from the viewpoint of the order,we can well understand the story of China's development,can understanding better in the past 15 years why China developed so fast,and also can better deal with how to cross the middle-income trap.