论作为认知、行为与规范的制度

On Institutions of the Cognition,Behavior and Norm

不理解制度,就不能够理解人类社会自身及其运行逻辑。制度的复杂性导致了研究视角的多样性,这也是制度理论多样性的基础。经济学家偏好行为和规范的视角,哲学家更偏好认知的视角,这形成了制度研究的三个主要理论流派,即"作为均衡的制度理论""作为规则的制度理论"和"作为构成性规则的制度理论"。在试图沟通制度理论的哲学与经济学研究中,很多学者提出了寻找制度的统一理论的设想。这些设想基本上是对制度研究的认知、行为和规范研究视角的整合。与单一视角的理论受到争论一样,整合视角的统一理论也没有达成共识。制度理论研究的未来取决于制度研究的哲学和经济学能否有效整合,更好地涵盖认知、行为和规范的视角,实现个体维度与社会维度的统一,真正理解作为社会实在的制度及其意蕴。

We can not understand the human society and its logics unless we can understand institutions.As for this problem the philosophy and economics have different views.The complexity of institutions results in the multiple perspectives for studying institutions,which are the basis for the diversity of institutional theories.As for economists,they prefer the perspectives of behavior and normative account.As for philosophy,they prefer the perspective of cognition.These perspectives form the three main theories of institutional study,namely 'rules account', 'equilibrium account',and 'constitutive rules account'.In trying to communicate the studies between the philosophy and economics,some scholars propose the unified theory of institutions.These proposals mainly integrate two or three of the three perspectives of institutional researches.Just as the contest in the unitary perspective of institutional researches,there also exist the different views about the unified theories of institution.The future of institutional researches depends on the cooperative relationship between the philosophy and economics,especially integrating the cognitive,behavior and normative perspective efficiently.At the same time,we also need to coordinate the individual and social dimensions of institutional research by understanding the institutions as social realities and social ontology.