伦理体中的慈善——驳公民公益论

Charity Operated in Ethical Society:Refuting the Theory of Civil Philanthropy

在我国,公民公益受到理论界的热捧。而与之相反的是,在实践中,公民公益发展滞缓,公众接受程度低。这一状况的出现,是与我国社会结构的特点有关系的。我国的社会结构不同于西方的"共同体"结构。它是一个伦理体。共同体以"个人"为组成元素,而伦理体则以"家庭"为组成元素。共同体注重个人间的利益交换,提倡公共利益;而伦理体则注重"爱"的纽带,提倡家的情感。所以,共同体能承载公民公益这种形式,伦理体则难以承载公民公益。伦理体更适合中国式的慈善活动。这种慈善活动重在培育熟人网络,表达"爱"的情感。基于此,可见我国《慈善法》第三条的规定不契合我国伦理体的社会结构,必然会对我国慈善事业的发展造成不利的影响。

In China,the theory of civil philanthropy is greatly welcomed by the various scholars.But in practice,the civil philanthropy develops slowly,and it is not accepted by people.The reason of this situation is related with the characters of social structure.The Chinese social structure is quite different with the western society which is form as a community.The Chinese society is an ethical body.The community is based on "persons",while the ethical body is based on "families".Mutual benefit is main aim to the community,while the ethical body is tied up by "love",especial the blood love.So the civil philanthropy can be operated in a community,but it cannot be accepted in an ethical body.The ethical body may only adapt to the charity of Chinese-Style.This kind of charity is aimed at breeding acquaintance network to express "love".So,the third article of the new "Charity Law"is not situated with the Chinese social structure and will created adverse effect on the development of the Chinese Charity.