非营利组织转型社会企业的策略选择:基于社会交换理论的比较案例研究

The Strategic Choice of Non-Profit Organizations in Transforming Social Enterprises:A Comparative Case Study based on Social Exchange Theory

我国正处于中国特色社会主义进入新时代的关键时期,多中心治理体系的构建为非营利组织的发展提供了前所未有的机遇。一些非营利组织为了实现组织的可持续运行,选择转型成兼具经济价值与社会价值的社会企业。在这场革命性的组织创新中,非营利组织应当如何转型为社会企业?转型成社会企业是否有可参考的路径?转型是否是非营利组织发展的唯一途径?这是非营利组织转型需要研究的现实问题。基于社会交换理论,非营利组织与受益对象构成的社会子系统可以与市场之间进行平等交换。为了更好地运用价格机制向市场输入具有经济价值的产品与生产力,一些非营利组织尝试转型为社会企业。基于文献回顾与案例研究,本文选取了四个具有代表性的非营利组织转型社会企业的成功案例为研究样本,通过分析发现,非营利组织选择适宜的策略转型为社会企业能够有效地解决产品与生产力的持续供应问题,实现自我造血,推动组织更长久的发展。因此,非营利组织转型的核心在于审慎地对组织情况进行分析,寻求能够解决产品与生产力供应难题的有效途径。

China is at a critical period of entering a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The construction of a multi-center governance system provided an unprecedented opportunity for the development of non-profit organizations. In order to realize the healthy and sustainable development of the organization, some non-profit organizations choose to transform into social enterprises that have both economic value and social value. In this revolutionary organizational innovation, what should non-profit organizations do to transform into social enterprises? Is there a referable path for non-profit organization to transform into social enterprise? Is transition the only way for non-profit organizations to develop? This is an urgent problem to be studied in the transformation of non-profit organizations. Based on the theory of social exchange, social subsystem composed of nonprofit organizations and beneficiaries can equally exchanged with the market. In order to make better use of price mechanism to import products which have economic value and productivity into markets,some non-profit organizations try to transform themselves into social enterprises. Based on the literature research and case study, this paper selects four representative stories about how non-profit organizations successfully transformed into social enterprises as the research samples, and finds that the non-profit organizations which choose the appropriate strategy to transform into social enterprises can effectively solve the problem of product and productivity. In this way, it can become selfhematopoietic and promote more long-term development of the organization. Therefore, the core of non-profit transformation lies in judiciously analyzing the organizational situation and finding effective ways to solve the supply problems of products and productivity.