行动主义:基于合作治理的新型制度模式

Activism:A New Institution Type based on Collaborative Governance

制度作为社会关系与社会行为的规则预设,既是社会治理活动赖以开展的基本框架,也是社会治理目标予以呈现的基本方式。在人类文明发展的不同阶段,形成了不同形式、不同性质的治理模式以及与之对应的制度类型。农业社会统治行政下的权制与工业社会管理行政下的法制,形成的"命令—控制"等级结构致使人的独立性受到限制而极大地制约了集体行动的有效发生。20世纪80年代以来的全球化、后工业化进程,促使合作治理这一新型的治理模式得以生成。在合作治理中,具有平等身份的多元行动主体将以网络化结构重构适应风险社会的制度框架与治理体系,并以道德性和他在性为原则促进社会公平、正义的普遍实现。在此时代背景下,以张康之教授为代表的国内学者提出了行动主义——这一建立在道德制度基础上,能够促使人的独立性、自主性与能动性得到极大发挥地适应未来合作社会的新型制度模式。

As the previous rule of social relations and social behavior,the institution is not only the basic framework of the social governance,but also the basic way for the social governance objectives to be presented.In the different stages of human civilization,have different forms,different governance models and different institutions.The"Command-control"hierarchical structure,which formed in the power system under the administration of agricultural society and the legal system under the administration of industrial society,resulted in the limitation of human independence and greatly restricts the effective of collective action.Since 1980 s,the process of globalization and post industrialization has make collaborative governance a reality.In the collaborative governance,the multiple participators with equal identity will restructure the institutional framework and governance system to adapt to the risk society with the network structure,and promote the realization of social equity and justice by moral principle.Under such background,the domestic scholars represented by Professor Zhang Kangzhi proposed that we should reconstruct the moral institution which can promote the independence,personality and initiative of human beings and to adapt to collaborative society.