企业住房公积金缴费的所有制差距——基于时间和空间的二维分析

A Time-Space Analysis on the Ownership Gap of Firms' Contributions to Housing Provident Fund

人们直观地认为国有企业比非国有企业缴纳更多的住房公积金,但缺乏实证检验。本文以2008—2015年A股上市公司为样本,依次采用回归、分位数回归、Oaxaca-Blinder分解等技术,从时间和空间两个维度考察所有制对企业住房公积金实际缴费率的影响。结果显示:(1)国有企业的住房公积金实际缴费率显著高于非国有企业,这种差距在高缴费率和低缴费率的企业中更为明显;(2)2008—2015年,所有制差距稳定在2个百分点,但其中可解释部分从18.86%逐年上升至36.56%;(3)东、中和西部的所有制差距分别为2、3和3个百分点,其中可解释部分依次为39.11%、17.83%和21.80%。分析表明,企业住房公积金缴费差异中的市场形成机制逐渐增强,国有企业在住房公积金合规中发挥了正反两方面作用。

An obvious gap seems to exist between state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and non state-owned enterprises(nSOEs)as regard to contributions to Housing Provident Fund(HPF)in China.Using a sample of A Stock Exchanges listed firms from 2008 to 2015,this study examines the effect of ownership on firm-level HPF contribution rate from the time and space dimensions with regression,quantile regression,and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition techniques.The results show that:(1)the SOEs' actual contribution rates are significantly higher than nSOE's,and the gap is more obvious among the firms with high and low contribution rates;(2)the ownership gap stabilizes at 2% from 2008—2015,however,the explainable part increases from 18.86% to 36.56%;and(3)the ownership gap in the East,Central and West is 2%,3% and 3%respectively,and the explainable part is 39.11%,17.83% and 21.80% respectively.It's suggested that the market plays an increasing role in firms' HPF contribution decisions,and SOEs affect the HPF compliance in a contradictory way.