自噬与天然抗病毒免疫反应的相互调节

Interplay between autophagy and innate immunity in antiviral responses

机体内天然免疫系统可通过多种机制抵御病毒感染,近来发现自噬也可有效抵御感染细胞的病毒颗粒。病毒感染可以通过模式识别受体促进自噬,这些受体位于细胞膜和细胞质中,是细胞天然免疫反应的启动器。自噬能调节模式识别受体介导的天然抗病毒反应,在维持免疫稳态中发挥重要作用。然而,一些病毒在演变过程中建立了逃避自噬或利用自噬逃避抗病毒免疫反应的能力。病毒、自噬与天然免疫反应间相互调节,共同抵御病毒感染,这是目前研究的热点领域。本文旨在概述该领域的最新进展,提出待解的重要问题,为相关研究者提供参考。

Multiple mechanisms underlying innate immunity are involved in host antiviral responses.Of them,autophagy is emerging as an important intracellular antiviral mechanism.Viral infection promotes autophagy through pattern recognition receptors(PRRs).PRRs are either membrane-bound or cytosolic receptors,and can initiate innate immune signaling against microbial infection.In addition to directly eliminating infecting viruses,autophagy also regulates PRR-initiated innate antiviral responses.However,some viruses show adaptive abilities to escape from defense system of innate immunity by using or hijacking autophagy.The interplays of viruses,autophagy,and immune responses are critical in combating viral infection.The investigations on this area are rapidly progressing.This article summarizes current understanding on the cross-talk between autophagy and antiviral immunity,and raises important issues that merit further investigation.