自噬在抵御微生物免疫反应中的功能

Roles of autophagy in host defense against microbial infection

在发现初期,自噬被认为是细胞降解自身成分、适应饥饿应急的代谢机制。进一步研究发现自噬对许多生命过程行使重要的调节作用,其中可以调节机体的免疫防御系统。自噬可以直接捕获并清除感染的微生物病原体,也能够与模式识别受体信号通路相互作用,调节天然免疫反应,抵御微生物感染。而且,自噬可通过调节抗原递呈和T细胞的激活,促进抗原特异的获得性免疫。本文旨在讨论自噬调节机体免疫防御的机制,集中于三方面的功能:直接清除微生物;调节天然免疫反应;以及促进获得性免疫的产生。

Autophagy was initially recognized as a metabolic mechanism by which cells degrade intracellular components for adaptation to starvation stress.Further studies have demonstrated that autophagy regulates many biological processes and especially plays an important role in regulating host defense against microbial infection.Autophagy can directly capture and eliminate invading microbes and regulates pattern recognition receptor signaling to promote innate immune response against microbial pathogens.Moreover,autophagy regulates the activation of antigen presenting cells and T lymphocytes,thereby favoring the generation of antigen-specific adaptive immunity.This review discusses the mechanisms by which autophagy regulates host immune defense against microbial infection.We focus on three aspects of autophagy direct elimination of microbes,regulation on innate immune response,and facilitation of adaptive immunity.