论财产权在美国的演进及保障

On the evolution and protection of property rights in the United States

在美国,财产权是人权体系的核心,但是,财产权作为个人权利与政府权力之间的界限却发生着位移。财产权的去神圣化是美国根据发展了的社会实际做出的必然选择。自建国以来,自然法为社会价值和法律体系提供基础,财产很'自然地'被赋予了一种神圣的性质。上世纪30年代,财产权的传统概念受到挑战,表现出更多的社会性。财产权的社会性确立之后,公共利益就可能对财产权的权能形成制约。财产权的内在属性决定着权力介入个人权利领域的必要,并制约着权力的运行,从而在权利与权力之间达到一种平衡。

In the United States,property rights is the core component of the Human rights system,but,as the limit between individual rights and government power,property rights always moves in between.It is an inevitable choice to secularize the property rights,according to the development of the social realities.Since the country was founded,natural law provided the basis for social values and legal system,property has been"naturally"given a sacred nature.In the 1930s,American law thought enter the Postmodernism stage,the traditional concept of property rights has being challenged,and showed more sociality.After the sociality of property rights established,public interests may become the restraint on property rights.The inherent attributes of property rights determine that it is necessary to interfere with individual rights by public power,and constraint the exercise of the power,thus reach a state of balance between right and power.