基于权利构造的再审程序改革

Reform of Retrial Procedure Based on Right Structure

随着法学的发展以及现代法治的发展需要,有必要对于权利实现的过程予以三阶构的理论划分——'客观法(权利)'向'主观权利'的涵摄以及'主观权利'再向'裁判权利'的适用。但是,在如是精巧的权利生成结构的实际运作过程中,难免会发生错误与偏差。因而,再审程序的主要职能就是对于这种权利层次间的不当映射或是失衡关系依法纠错,进而实现权利的救济。据此,再审的本体应当是实体性的形成权;其程序本身实质上是规范权利人行使并实现其再审形成权的一项独立的民事诉讼制度。本文立足于这一理论构造,进而体系化推演了诸如再审的程序构造、诉讼标的、裁判性质及其既判力问题以及再审发回重审程序的定性等理论与实务上的热点问题。

With the development of Jurisprudence and Rule of Law,we need to classify three layers for the process to the realization of Rights:the objective laws(objektive Recht),the subjective rights(subjektive Recht)and the rights in action(Prozessuales Recht).However,in some particular cases,there are always some mistakes happened in such process,i.e.the syllogistic reasoning from the objective laws to the subjective rights as well as from the subjective rights to the rights in action.The Retrial Procedures(Wiederaufnahmsklage)is supposed to correct the abovementioned mistakes per the law,thus making a proper right relief.Therefore,we can define the nature of the Retrial Procedures as some form of Gestaltungsklage,and its procedural function is aimed at realizing the Gestaltungsklagerecht by the right-holder for retrial.This paper,based on such theoretical footing,focuses on the following issues:such as procedural skeleton,cause of action,res judicata,remand procedures and so on.