基于景观邻接特征的绿洲生态安全变化分析——以土库曼斯坦马雷绿洲区为例

Oasis Ecological Security Change based on Landscape Neighboring Characteristics——A Case Study on Marais Oasis,Turkmenistan

基于2001年和2010年的遥感影像数据,以土库曼斯坦马雷绿洲为研究区,建立景观生态安全评价模型,分析2001—2010年马雷绿洲区的景观生态安全格局变化。结果表明:1强烈的人类活动使马雷绿洲区的耕地、建设用地面积剧增,沙地、撂荒地面积有所增加,林地、草地、盐碱地、水体面积减少;2草地、耕地、林地、水体受沙漠化威胁程度有所加重、受盐碱化威胁程度有所减轻,建设用地受沙漠化和盐碱化威胁程度则均有所减轻,草地和耕地是受沙漠化和盐碱化威胁程度较大的斑块类型,建设用地受威胁程度最小;3整体而言,马雷绿洲区的生态安全受沙漠化威胁度有所加重,受盐碱化威胁程度有所减轻。

The oasis is a special landscape type and the essence of arid zone. At the same time,it is also the most sensitive area in arid areas and the ecological environment by interaction of various kinds of natural and human factors. The ecological security evaluation of oasis landscape can provide effective theoretical support for regional sustainable development. This paper takes Marais oasis of Turkmenistan as study area,analyzes ecological security pattern change about Marais oasis through pattern ecological security evaluation model based on remote sensing image in study area of 2001 and 2010. The result showed that: 1 the fierce human activities caused farmland and construction land area in Marais oasis increased strenuous,meanwhile sand land and bare land area also increased,but woodland,grassland,saline land and water area decreased. 2 Grassland,farmland,woodland and water was threaten by desertification and became aggravated,and construction land was threaten by desertification and became alleviated. Grassland,farmland,woodland,water and construction land was threatening by salinization and became alleviated. Grassland and farmland was lager patch type threaten by desertification and salinization,construction land was minimum patch type threaten by desertification and salinization. 3 The integral Marais oasis was threatening by desertification and became aggravated,but was threatening by salinization and became alleviated. The scientific and practical system establishment of ecological security evaluation-monitoring-feedback,implementation of ecological security control and oasis landscape ecological construction is an effective way to relieve the ecological security threats.